I have done something something similar before with another left-over piece of wallpaper and it survived a couple of months - despite heavy rain and heavy sunshine, a dog and a teenager constantly going in and out. I was surprised myself, but the paste just dried after the whole thing got wet during the rain ... I have to see if I can find a photo of the first attempt.

Normally, I would recommend a special self-adhesive vinyl with an aggressive adhesive for this kind of purpose, this I see this only an temporary decoration anyway.